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21 June, 2025

...Argentina - 20000 Pesos ND2024

Republica Argentina
(Argentina Republic)

Banco Central de la Republica Argentina
(Central Bank of the Argentina Republic)
 Currency - Peso (ARS)
 
Here is the latest and largest denomination of note issued on 13.11.2024 with the face value of 20000 pesos. This is the largest value of note issued since the 1989-1991 series. This high value note was issued due to the country's ongoing high inflation rate. According to the central bank, this will be the highest denomination note for the 'Heroines and Heroes of Homeland' banknote series. Time will tell if more higher denominations of banknotes are required.
 
It was reported that this note was printed by China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation (CBPMC) 中国印钞造币总公司. Whilst I understand that CBPMC is not a major player on the world stage in printing banknotes. Apart from printing banknotes for China, I believe this company have/had printed banknotes for countries like Albania, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cuba, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Argentina of course. CBPMC is state owned and is also the world's largest banknotes printer (and coins) by volume. CBPMC. The company has operations located in Shanghai, Shenyang, Nanjing and Shenzhen in China.

Twenty Thousand Pesos
 
Presidente H.C. Diputados - Martin Menem
Presidente B.C.R.A. - Santiago Bausili
Watermarks - Juan Bautista Alberdi  and electrotype JBA
Dimensions - 156mm x 65mm
 
Front - A portrait of Juan Bautista Alberdi (b.1810-1884.). During his lifetime, he was a political theorist and diplomat whose work influenced the Constitution of Argentina of 1853. He spent more than 40 years of his life living in exile in Uruguay and Chile. He returned to Argentina in 1879. A few years after that, he was then sent to Europe and died near Paris in 1884 after suffering a stroke.
 
Back - An image of a house in San Miguel de Tucuman where Juan Bautista Alberdi was born. San Miguel de Tucuman is a city situated in the central north of Argentina. He spent his first 14 years of his life here before moving to Buenos Aires.
 

06 June, 2025

...Bermuda - $2 And $5 Polymer Notes 2024 Series

Bermuda
(British Overseas Territory)

Bermuda Monetary Authority (Est.1969)
Currency - Dollar (BMD) 
 
Here are the two polymer notes released during the second week of November 2024. In 2009, Bermuda became the first country to issue a complete set of Hybrid banknotes with denominations of $2, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. These Hybrid notes were printed by De La Rue (DLR). Is DLR abandoning their Hybrid banknote technology? Few countries adopted Hybrid banknotes over the last 10 years or so, and these have since been replaced, mostly with polymer notes. Given that DLR's Hybrid notes were first introduced more than 10 years ago, it appears that they are not that popular and most countries that have issued Hybrid notes are mostly from small countries, mostly from the Pacific nations. Bermuda is now one of the very few countries that have their banknotes printed on paper, hybrid and now polymer substrate material.
 
It is obvious that these two polymer notes replaced the 2009 Hybrid series. The main features of these two polymer notes are the same as those hybrid notes first introduced in 2009 but with advanced security features thus making these more secure. As these are both printed on polymer substrate, they both come with a transparent window as expected for all polymer notes.
 
Like the previous Hybrid series printed with the effigy of Queen Elizabeth, and since the demise of the queen in 2022, the effigy of King Charles III is now used instead and is printed in the bottom left corner. This is the first time King Charles III's bust is printed on a banknote outside the United Kingdom. Unlike a few countries around that world that still have the British monarch as their Head of State, Bermuda continues to print their banknotes with the image of the British monarch, as Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory. A British Overseas Territory is not an independent nation, but it has it's own government. However, it's external affairs, defense and security are the responsibility of the British government.

An interesting fact about Bermuda is that it was named after a Spanish sailor called Juan de Bermudez, who discovered the islands in 1505 while sailing from Spain to the Caribbean on a provisioning voyaging journey. At the time of the discovery, it appears that the islands were uninhabited by any natives. As of 2023, Bermuda has a population of approximately 63,500 people.

If you are a collector and have been following these two notes, you will notice that they are selling quite expensive in the market. The Bermuda dollar is at par with the US dollar and yet they are selling 6 to 9 times the face value. It appears that the authority in Bermuda is discouraging or preventing their currency from exporting and as such there are not that many available in the market. Given that these are polymer notes and the growing demand in this hobby, the demand just simply exceeded the supply and as such the high price tag. Even those circulated polymer notes are also selling at a very high price too. In addition to the polymer series, those current or latest Hybrid series are also commanding a fairly high price too.
 
Whilst these are the two latest polymer notes issued by the bank, it is not sure if the remaining notes will follow suit.
 
Two Dollars 

Chairman - Donald A.M. Scott (since 2021)
Director - Philip Butterfield
Date - 20 February 2024
Dimensions - 69mm x 141mm

Front - The main feature is a Bermuda Bluebird. King Charles III's effigy is printed in the lower left corner, replacing the late Queen Elizabeth in the previous series. The Plumeria rubra flowers are printed in the background. On top of the note is a reflective, mirror-like image of a tuna fish. On the transparent window is a partially see-through window, showing a cloudy sky above water and an underwater scene. The letters of BMA are also printed on the transparent window area. Two sail boats are sailing in the open sea. A triangle raise dots of 14 is added to the note to assist with those visual impairments. 

I personally still find it strange to have the image of the British monarch King Charles III printed in the bottom left of the note instead in the top left or right corner, just like those postage stamps.

Back - Dockyard's Clock tower. I believe this Dockyard's Clock tower is located in the Clock Tower Shopping Mall in Ireland Island. Next to the tower is a statue of Neptune at the Bermuda Maritime Museum. In the background is the Clocktower Mall. On the transparent window area, a hibiscus flower is added to the design. On top of the transparent window is a small butterfly in pink and blue colours.
  
Five Dollars
 
Chairman - Donald A.M. Scott (since 2021)
Director - Karel Van-Hulle
Date - 20 February 2024
Dimensions - 69mm x 141mm
 
Front - The main feature is a Blue marlin leaping out of the water. King Charles III's effigy is printed in the lower left corner, replacing the late Queen Elizabeth in the previous series. In the background are the Easter Lily flowers. On top of the note is a reflective, mirror-like image of a tuna fish. On the transparent window is a partially see-through window, showing a cloudy sky above water and an underwater scene. The letters of BMA are also printed on the transparent window area. Three dolphins leaping out of an open sea. A circular raised dot of 12 is added to the note to assist with those visual impairments.
 
Back - Somerset bridge, connecting the islands of Somerset Island and the Main Islands (Great Bermuda). This is a hand drawn bridge and is the smallest in the world. When the bridge is opened, it creates a gap of 32-inch to allow the passage of a sailboat's mast. Above that is a view of Horseshoe bay beach. On the transparent window area, a hibiscus flower is added to the design. On top of the transparent window is a dolphin added to the design as a registration feature.
 

01 May, 2025

...Cayman Islands - $25 and $50 2022 25th Anniversary of Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Issues

Cayman Islands
(British Overseas Territory)

Cayman Islands Monetary Authority (Est. 1997)
Currency - Dollar (KYD)
 
Two notes of $25 and $50, both overprinted with commemorative logos for the celebration of Cayman Islands Monetary Authority's 25th Anniversary. The CIMA was established on 01.01.1997 as the primary financial services regulator a.k.a. central bank. The bank is situated in the capital city George Town in the Grand Cayman island, the largest of the three main islands of Cayman Islands. These two notes are both dated 2022 but only released in 2023. The design on both notes are the same as the two notes of $25 and $50 previously 2010 series issued but with added commemorative logo on the front for this celebration. These two notes were initially scheduled to be released in 2022 but were delayed until mid-2023. The prefix series for these two notes is D/4. Cayman Islands have a rather small population of 74,000+/- and as such it is not expected many banknotes issued, even for those for general circulation.  

Prior to 1972, the Jamaican dollar was circulating in the Cayman Islands and needless to say the Cayman Islands dollar was an offshoot of the Jamaican dollar. In 1972, the Cayman Islands introduced its own currency and like Jamaica, Australia and New Zealand, Cayman Islands adopted the 'Dollar' instead of 'Pound Sterling'. The exchange rate (Jamaica dollar to Cayman Islands dollar) at the time was $1 for ₤1. Jamaica converted its currency to decimal system on 08.09.1969. Today, one Cayman Islands dollar can buy $180+/- Jamaican dollars.

Twenty Five Dollars
 
Front - The portrait of Queen Elizabeth (b.1926-2022). This portrait was taken in 1999 by Mark Lawrence and has been used for the Cayman Islands banknotes series since 2010. The Queen was 73 years old when this portrait was taken. Since the accession to the British throne, 31 portraits of the Queen have been used on various banknotes issued around the Commonwealth issued during her 70 years reign, including those issued in Scotland. The design for this note is the same as the 2010 series but with the commemorative logo added in the center right, next to the Queen's head. Five scallop clam shells are printed in the note, with a larger one in the center left.
 
Signatures
Minister of Finance - Christopher S Saunders (tenure 2021-2023)
Managing Director - Cindy Scotland (since 2002)
Watermarks - A Hawk-bill turtle and electrotype CIMA
Dimensions - 157mm x 67mm

Back - A Hawk-bill turtle swimming in the sea, with some angle fish swimming above. This note (together with the $50) is printed by De La Rue. On the far right is an image of a scallop shell (on the front too) in grey and white colours and when the note is held up against the light, you can see a perfect registrar of the shell.

Fifty Dollars
 
Front - Queen Elizabeth the Second (b.1926-2022) on the center right, a 'flat' stingray on the center left. This is the second last series of banknotes printed with the portrait of the last Queen Elizabeth. The last series issued with her portrait was the commemorative note of $70 issued in memory of her first anniversary passing. Like the above $25 note, the three main islands of the Cayman Islands are printed in the center left, namely - Cayman Brac, Little Cayman and Grand Cayman. This note is printed with - 2022 Series Issued under The Monetary Authority Law.

Signatures
Minister of Finance - Christopher S Saunders (tenure 2021-2023)
Managing Director - Cindy Scotland (since 2002)
Watermarks -  A Hawk-bill turtle and electrotype CIMA
Dimensions - 157mm x 67mm
 
Back - A stingray swimming in the ocean. A cone shaped shell on the top left corner, and an image of a stingray perfect registration/see-through security feature is located on the bottom right corner (bottom left on the front). A perfect registration of a stingray is printed on the far right as one of the few security features of this note.

20 March, 2025

...Venezuela - 2021 to 2023 Full Set Currency Reform 1:1,000,000 Bolivares

Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela)

Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV)
(Central Bank of Venezuela)
Currency - Bolivar (VEF)
 
Here is a full set of seven notes issued between 2021 and 2023 following the country's currency reform. This series replaces the previous currency reform of 2018. This series is to reduce six zeros from the previous issues. The reform is one new bolivares for 1,000,000 old bolivares. In the previous series, the central bank issued three hyperinflation notes of 200,000, 500,000 and 1,000,000 bolivares. 

Venezuela has a history of economic instability that led to high inflation which first started in 1983. In the mid to late 90s, high denomination notes were issued to meet the demand for larger banknotes. Since then, the country has gone through a few currency reforms, and this is the third time that the country is having it's currency reformed. 

The design for the first five notes from 5 to 100 bolivares are all the same, with the date of 29.04.2021, same signatures, same designs albeit different colours. The format for this series is that all notes are printed in vertical format and horizontal on the back.
 
Five Bolívares
 
President BCV - Calixto Ortega Sanchez (tenure 2018-)
First Vice President - Sohail Hernandez Parra (tenure 2018-)
Watermarks - Simon Bolivar and electrotype BCV
Date - 29 De Abril De 2021  
Dimensions - 69.5mm x 156.5mm
 
Front - On the front, and like many of those previously issued is the portrait of Simon Bolivar (b.1783-1830). His full name is Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar Palacios Ponte y Blanco. Needless to say, the currency of Bolivar is named after him. The Bolivar was first adopted back in 1940. Prior to that, the currency of Venezuela was called Peso.
 
Back - The Triumphal arch at the Field of Battle Carabobo monument which is located approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Valencia city. This is also where the Battle of Carabobo was fought and gained independence from the Spanish. The independence fighters were led by General Simon Bolivar. This arch was erected in 1921 to celebrate the centennial of the battle. To the right is the scene of the Battle of Carabobo fought on 24.06.1821.

Ten Bolívares
 
President BCV - Calixto Ortega Sanchez (tenure 2018-)
First Vice President - Sohail Hernandez Parra (tenure 2018-)
Watermarks - Simon Bolivar and electrotype BCV
Date - 29 De Abril De 2021  
Dimensions - 69.5mm x 157mm
 
Front - No doubt Simon Bolivar is considered as a national hero in Venezuela. He was born in Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela. He came from a wealthy family and had his early education in Spain. In Venezuela, his birthday is a public holiday and is celebrated on 24th of July (his birthday anniversary).
 
Back - The Triumphal arch at the Field of Battle Carabobo monument which is located approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Valencia city. This is also where the Battle of Carabobo was fought and gained independence from the Spanish. The independence fighters were led by General Simon Bolivar. This arch was erected in 1921 to celebrate the centennial of the battle. To the right is the scene of the
Battle of Carabobo fought on 24.06.1821. 
 
Twenty
Bolívares
 
President BCV - Calixto Ortega Sanchez (tenure 2018-)
First Vice President - Sohail Hernandez Parra (tenure 2018-)
Watermarks - Simon Bolivar and electrotype BCV
Date - 29 De Abril De 2021  
Dimensions - 69.5mm x 157mm
 
Front - During his lifetime, he was involved in gaining independence from Spain to what we all know today as Colombia (including Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela), Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela. Due to his military success, he was the President of Colombia (1819-1830), President of Peru (1824-1827) and President of Bolivia (45 days from 06.08.1825). 

Back - The Triumphal arch at the Field of Battle Carabobo monument which is located approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Valencia city. This is also where the Battle of Carabobo was fought and gained independence from the Spanish. The independence fighters were led by General Simon Bolivar. This arch was erected in 1921 to celebrate the centennial of the battle. To the right is the scene of the Battle of Carabobo fought on 24.06.1821. 
 
Fifty Bolívares
 
President BCV - Calixto Ortega Sanchez (tenure 2018-)
First Vice President - Sohail Hernandez Parra (tenure 2018-)
Watermarks - Simon Bolivar and electrotype BCV
Date - 29 De Abril De 2021  
Dimensions - 69.5mm x 157mm
 
Front - He resigned as the President of Colombia on 27.04.1830 and died almost 8 months later in Colombia on 17.12.1830 as the relatively young age of 47 years old. He died reportedly from tuberculosis.
Back - The Triumphal arch at the Field of Battle Carabobo monument which is located approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Valencia city. This is also where the Battle of Carabobo was fought and gained independence from the Spanish. The independence fighters were led by General Simon Bolivar. This arch was erected in 1921 to celebrate the centennial of the battle. To the right is the scene of the Battle of Carabobo fought on 24.06.1821. 
 
One Hundred Bolívares
 
President BCV - Calixto Ortega Sanchez (tenure 2018-)
First Vice President - Sohail Hernandez Parra (tenure 2018-)
Watermarks - Simon Bolivar and electrotype BCV
Date - 29 De Abril De 2021 
Dimensions - 69.5mm x 157mm

Front - On the front of the first five notes (5 to 100 bolivares), the designs are the same as those previously issued.
Back - The Triumphal arch at the Field of Battle Carabobo monument which is located approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Valencia city. This is also where the Battle of Carabobo was fought and gained independence from the Spanish. The independence fighters were led by General Simon Bolivar. This arch was erected in 1921 to celebrate the centennial of the battle. To the right is the scene of the Battle of Carabobo fought on 24.06.1821. 

Two Hundred Bolívares
 
President BCV - Calixto Ortega Sanchez (tenure 2018-)
First Vice President - Sohail Hernandez Parra (tenure 2018-)
Watermarks - Simon Bolivar and electrotype BCV
Date - 17 De Agosto De 2023 
Dimensions -69.5mm x 156.5mm

Front - Three different portraits of Simon Bolivar. Above the portraits is the outline drawing of the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo in western Venezuela.

Back - To the left is the image of the
General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge. This bridge took four years to construct and was completed in 1962 at a cost of 350 million bolivares. Next to the bridge is the scene of the Battle of Lake Maracaibo (or Naval Battle of the Lake). This battle was fought between the forces of the Republican and the Royalist of the Spanish monarchy. The battle was fought on 24.07.1823 and won by the Republican forces.
 
Five Hundred Bolívares
 
President BCV - Calixto Ortega Sanchez (tenure 2018-)
First Vice President - Sohail Hernandez Parra (tenure 2018-)
Watermarks - Simon Bolivar and electrotype BCV
Date - 17 De Agosto De 2023
Dimensions - 70mm x 156.5mm
 
Front - Three different portraits of Simon Bolivar. Above the portraits is the outline drawing of the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo in western Venezuela.
 
Back - To the left is the image of the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, and the scene of the Battle of Lake Maracaibo (or Naval Battle of the Lake). This battle only lasted for two hours and the casualties and losses were 44 killed, 437 captured and 164 wounded.
 
On the back all the seven notes are printed with the celebration of  the 200th Year of the Battle of Carabobo (1821-2021). The Battle of Carabobo was fought between the forces led by General Simon Bolivar and the Spanish forces led by Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre, which led to the independence of Venezuela.

04 January, 2025

...Argentina - 2000 Pesos ND2023-2024 Commemorative Note

Republica Argentina
(Argentina Republic)

Banco Central de la Republica Argentina
(Central Bank of the Argentina Republic)
Currency - Peso (ARS)
 
Below are the three commemorative notes of 2000 pesos released in 2023 and 2024. These notes were issued to celebrate the country's development of Science and Medicine. All notes are undated but were introduced on 22.05.2023 (Series A) and 08.11.2023 (Series E) and in 2024 (P suffix). Whilst the theme for these two notes are the same, the designs are not quite identical.

Below are the most noticeable differences between the first two notes, and based on the Series E note, the following features/securities are added/altered to the design :-

Front
1) The denomination value of 2000 is printed on the top left corner;
2) The windowed security thread is added;
3) The denomination value of 2000 in vertical is added between the windowed security thread and the portrait of Dr. Ramon Carrillo;
4) To the far top right corner, the value of 2000 is added to the green shield.
5) The initials of RC and CG are added to the watermarks
 
Back
1) The two signatures have shifted from the bottom right to the top right
2) Part of the Instituto Dr. Carlos Malbran building is printed in red, instead of dark grey.

Two Thousand Pesos
Signatures
President H.C. Deputies - Cecilia Moreau
President B.C.R.A. - Miguel Angel Pesce
Watermarks - Dr. Ramon Carrillo and Dr. Cecilia Grierson
Imprinter - S.E. Casa de Moneda, Buenos Aires
Dimensions - 156.5mm x 66mm 
 
Front - Dr. Ramon Carrillo (b.1906-1956) was Argentina's first Secretary of Public Health from 1949 to 1954. He was a neurosurgeon, neurologist, physician and public health advocate
 
Dr. Cecilia Grierson (b.1859-1934) was the first woman to become a physician in Argentina in 1890. She was active in public health issues and gynecology and was involved in women rights.

Back - Instituto Dr. Carlos Malbran, mainly dealing in medical investigative specialties.  



Two Thousand Pesos
Signatures
President H.C. Deputies - Cecilia Moreau
President B.C.R.A. - Miguel Angel Pesce
Watermarks - Dr. Ramon Carrillo and Dr. Cecilia Grierson and electrotype RC, CG
Dimensions - 156mm x 65.5mm

Front - Dr. Ramon Carrillo was born into an Afro-Argentine family, in the city of Santiago del Estero in the northern part of Argentina. He was Argentina's first health Minister and was forced into exile in Brazil following a coup d'etat in 1955. He died on 20.12.1956 at the very young age of 50.

Dr. Cecilia Grierson's ancestry is Scottish. Her paternal grandfather was among the Scottish colonists who first arrived in Argentina in 1825. During her lifetime and as a woman, she faced many challenges and oppositions when it came to enrollment into medical school. Because of discrimination, women were not allowed to study medicine in four major universities in the country. In order for her to get into medical school, she had to provide written justifications for the motivation in pursuing her dream. She graduated in 1889 and became the first woman in Argentina to earn a Medical degree. On 22.11.2016, Google celebrated her 157th birthday with a Google Doodle.

Back - Instituto Dr. Carlos Malbran or Malbran Institute, mainly dealing in medical investigative specialties, and is located in Barracas, a district in the capital city of Buenos Aires. Nobel Prize laureates Cesar Milstein and Bernardo Houssay once worked in this institution.
 
 
Two Thousand Pesos


Signatures
President H.C. Deputies - Martin Menem (since 2023)
President B.C.R.A. - Santiago Bausili (since 2023)
Watermarks - Dr. Ramon Carrillo and Dr. Cecilia Grierson and electrotype RC, CG
Dimensions - 155.5mm x 65.5mm

Front - Dr. Ramon Carrillo (b.1906-1956)
Dr. Cecilia Grierson (b.1859-1934).
 
Back - Instituto Dr. Carlos Malbran or Malbran Institute.